Major wood-decayer fungal groups have distinct occurrence patterns on woody substrates
Abstract
Conservation of wood-inhabiting fungi requires sufficient knowledge of their occurrences on woody substrates. We studied and compared two major fungal wood-decayer groups (polypores and corticioids) on dead wood. Eight fungal or substrate groups were separated in the analyses. In total, 6102 dead wood units were surveyed, and 5682 occurrences of 302 fungal species were recorded. Our analyses included also empty dead wood units, which is rather rare in quantitative ecological studies of dead wood species. In general, the occurrence of fungal species did not exactly follow the availability of dead wood substrates, indicating high importance of substrate quality on species. Furthermore, polypores and corticioids differed from each other in their substrate occurrence patterns. The largest differences were found in diameter classes, corticioids occurring more often on small dead wood units. Our findings emphasize the importance of maintaining the variation in dead wood quality when preserving the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi.
References
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Groven, R., Rolstad, J., Storaunet, K.O. and Rolstad, E. 2002. Using forest stand reconstructions to assess the role of structural continuity for late-successional species. Forest Ecology and Management 164: 39–55.
Hakala, T.K., Maijala, P., Konn, J. and Hatakka, A. 2004. Evaluation of novel wood-rotting polypores and corticoid fungi for the decay and biopulping of Norway spruce (Picea abies) wood. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 34: 255‒263.
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Hämäläinen, A., Kouki, J. and Lõhmus, P. 2015. Potential biodiversity impacts of forest biofuel harvest: lichen assemblages on stumps and slash of Scots pine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45: 1239–1247.
Heilmann-Clausen, J. 2001. A gradient analysis of communities of macrofungi and slime moulds on decaying beech logs. Fungal Biology 105: 575‒596.
Heilmann-Clausen, J., Aude, E. and Christensen, M. 2005. Cryptogam communities on decaying deciduous wood – does tree species diversity matter? Biodiversity and Conservation 14: 2061–2078.
Heilmann-Clausen, J. and Christensen, M. 2004. Does size matter? On the importance of various dead wood fractions for fungal diversity in Danish beech forests. Forest Ecology and Management 201: 105‒117.
Høiland, K. and Bendiksen, E. 1997. Biodiversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in a boreal coniferous forest in Sor-Trondelag County, Central Norway. Nordic Journal of Botany 16: 643–659.
Hottola, J., Ovaskainen, O. and Hanski, I. 2009. A unified measure of the number, volume and diversity of dead trees and the response of fungal communities. Journal of Ecology 97, 1320–1328.
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Jonsson, B.G., Kruys, N. and Ranius, T. 2005. Ecology of species living on dead wood – Lessons for dead wood management. Silva Fennica 39: 289–309.
Jönsson, M.T., Edman, M. and Jonsson, B.G. 2008. Colonization and extinction patterns of wood-decaying fungi in a boreal old-growth Picea abies forest. Journal of Ecology 96: 1065–1075.
Junninen, K. and Komonen, A. 2011. Conservation ecology of boreal polypores: A review. Biological Conservation 144:11‒20.
Junninen, K., Penttilä, R. and Martikainen, P. 2007. Fallen retention aspen trees on clear-cuts can be important habitats for red-listed polypores: a case study in Finland. Biodiversity and Conservation 16: 475–490.
Junninen, K., Similä, M., Kouki, J. and Kotiranta, H. 2006. Assemblages of wood-inhabiting fungi along the gradients of succession and naturalness in boreal pine-dominated forests in Fennoscandia. Ecography 29: 75–83.
Juutilainen, K., Halme, P., Kotiranta, H. and Mönkkönen, M. 2011. Size matters in studies of dead wood and wood-inhabiting fungi. Fungal Ecology 4: 342–349.
Juutilainen, K., Mönkkönen, M., Kotiranta, H. and Halme, P. 2014. The effects of forest management on wood-inhabiting fungi occupying dead wood of different diameter fractions. Forest Ecology and Management 313: 283–291.
Kersalo, J. and Pirinen, P. (Eds.) 2009. The climate of Finnish regions. Finnish Meteorological Institute, reports 8/2009. Helsinki, 185 pp.
Kotiranta, H., Junninen, K., Saarenoksa, R., Kinnunen, J. and Kytövuori, I. 2010. Aphyllophorales & Heterobasidiomycetes. – In: Rassi, P., Hyvärinen, E., Juslén, A., Mannerkoski, I., (Eds.), The 2010 Red List of Finnish Species. Ministry of the Environment and Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, p. 249–263.
Kotiranta, H. and Niemelä, T. 1996. Uhanalaiset käävät Suomessa. [Threatened polypores in Finland.] Ympäristöopas 10. The Finnish Environment Institute, 184 pp. (in Finnish with English summary)
Kotiranta, H., Saarenoksa, R. and Kytövuori, I. 2009. Aphyllophoroid fungi of Finland. A check-list with ecology, distribution, and threat categories. Norrlinia 19: 1–223.
Kruys, N. and Jonsson, B.G. 1999. Fine woody debris is important for species richness on logs in managed boreal spruce forests of northern Sweden. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29: 1295–1299.
Küffer, N., Gillet, F., Senn-Irlet, B., Aragno, M. and Job, D. 2008. Ecological determinants of fungal diversity on dead wood in European forests. Fungal Diversity 30: 83–95.
Küffer, N. and Senn-Irlet, B. 2005. Influence of forest management on the species richness and composition of wood-inhabiting Basidiomycetes in Swiss forests. Biodiversity and Conservation 14: 2419–2435.
Kunttu, P., Junninen, K. and Kouki, J. 2015a. Dead wood as an indicator of forest naturalness: a comparison of methods. Forest Ecology and Management 353: 30–40.
Kunttu, P., Kotiranta, H., Kulju, M., Pasanen, H. and Kouki, J. 2016. Occurrence patterns, diversity and ecology of aphyllophoroid fungi on the black alder (Alnus glutinosa) in an archipelago of the Baltic Sea. Annales Botanici Fennici 53: 173–189.
Kunttu, P., Kulju, M. and Kotiranta, H. 2015b. Checklist of aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) of the Archipelago Sea National Park, Southwest Finland. Check List 11(2): 1587.
Kutszegi, G., Siller, I., Dima, B., Takács, K., Merényi, Z., Varga, T., Turcsányi, G., Bidló, A. and Ódor, P. 2015. Drivers of macrofungal species composition in temperate forests, West Hungary: functional groups compared. Fungal Ecology 17: 69–83.
Lindblad, I. 1998. Wood-inhabiting fungi on fallen logs of Norway spruce: relations to forest management and substrate quality. Nordic Journal of Botany 18: 243–255.
Lindhe, A., Åsenblad, N. and Toresson, H.-G. 2004. Cut logs and high stumps of spruce, birch, aspen and oak - nine years of saproxylic fungi succession. Biological Conservation 119: 443–454.
Lindner, D.L., Burdsall Jr., H.H. and Stanosz, G.R. 2006. Species diversity of polyporoid and corticioid fungi in northern hardwood forests with differing management histories. Mycologia 98: 195–217.
Magnusson, M., Olsson, J. and Hedenås, H. 2014. Red-listed wood-inhabiting fungi in natural and managed forest landscapes adjacent to the timberline in central Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 29: 455–465.
McCullough, H.A. 1948. Plant succession on fallen logs in a virgin spruce-fir forest. Journal of Ecology 29: 508‒513.
McDonald, J.H. 2014. Handbook of Biological Statistics. (3rd ed.). Sparky House Publishing, Baltimore, Maryland. http://www.biostathandbook.com/
Müller, J. and Bütler, R. 2010. A review of habitat thresholds for dead wood: a baseline for management recommendations in European forests. European Journal of Forest Research 129: 981–992.
Niemelä, T. 2005. Käävät, puiden sienet. [Polypores, lignicolous fungi.] Norrlinia 13, 1–320. (in Finnish with English summary)
Niemelä, T., Wallenius, T. and Kotiranta, H. 2002. The kelo tree, a vanishing substrate of specified wood-inhabiting fungi. Polish Botanical Journal 47: 91‒101.
Nilsson, S.G., Hedin, J. and Niklasson, M. 2001. Biodiversity and its assessment in boreal and nemoral forests. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, suppl. 3: 10–26.
Nordén, B, Ryberg, M., Götmark, F. and Olausson, B. 2004. Relative importance of coarse and fine woody debris for the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in temperate broadleaf forests. Biological Conservation 117: 1–10.
Nordén, J., Penttilä, R., Siitonen, J., Tomppo, E. and Ovaskainen, O. 2013. Specialist species of wood-inhabiting fungi struggle while generalists thrive in fragmented boreal forests. Journal of Ecology 101: 701‒712.
Ohlson, M., Söderström, L., Hörnberg, G. and Zackrisson, O. 1997. Habitat qualities versus long-term continuity as determinants of biodiversity in boreal old-growth swamp forests. Biological Conservation 81: 221–231.
Pasanen, H., Junninen, K. and Kouki, J. 2014. Restoring dead wood in forests diversifies wood-decaying fungal assemblages but does not quickly benefit red-listed species. Forest Ecology and Management 312: 92–100.
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Published
2018-12-31
How to Cite
Kunttu, P. (2018). Major wood-decayer fungal groups have distinct occurrence patterns on woody substrates. Baltic Forestry, 24(2), 164–180. Retrieved from https://balticforestryojs.lammc.lt/ojs/index.php/BF/article/view/198
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Section
Phytopathology and Mycology
